COMPREHENSIVE RADIATION AND HYGIENIC MONITORING IN POPULATION OF THE RIVNE OBLAST RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES. / KOMPLEKSNYI RADIATsIINO/GIGIIeNIChNYI MONITORYNG MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII RIVNENS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2020 r.

OBJECTIVE: The key factors identification in radiation dose formation in population of radiologically contaminatedareas of Rivne oblast in the current period of accident through comprehensive radiation and hygienic monitoring inreference settlements in 2020 and estimation of their impact on dose formation were the study objectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive radiation and hygienic monitoring of settlements in Rivne oblast(province) was provided in Stare Selo, Vezhytsia, Perekhodychi, and Drozdyn villages of Rokytne district, where thehighest radiation doses were registered after the ChNPP accident. Studies were conducted in September 2020.Measurements (n=696, 318 adults, and 378 children) were performed using the whole body counters (WBC) to deter-mine the internal radiation doses. The 48 samples of milk, 45 samples of potatoes and vegetables, and 35 samplesof wild products were collected in local farms and measured for the 137Cs and 90Sr content. Residents of the studiedsettlements (n=229, 140 adults, and 89 children) were interviewed about the levels of consumption of staple food-stuffs. External radiation doses were evaluated in all the studied settlements. Mathematical, dosimetric, and radio-chemical methods were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Annual effective radiation doses of the Rivne oblast population in 2020 were formedmainly due to internal radiation ones that not exceeded 1.24 mSv · year-1 in adults and 0.65 mSv · year-1 in childrenagainst the RCT criterion of 1 mSv · year-1. Further 1.2-1.9-fold decrease in the annual internal radiation doses vs.the results of WBC-monitoring in autumn of 2017 was registered in the surveyed settlements. The latter confirmeda time pattern of radiation levels gradual reduction at the current stage of Chornobyl accident since 2011. Intakeof 137Cs with milk and wild mushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of diet in the Rivne Polissya areaand have consistently high levels of radioactive cesium contamination, remains a key factor of internal radiationdose forming in residents of the surveyed settlements of Rivne oblast.

RECONSTRUCTION, VERIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF WBC MEASUREMENTS DATED 1986 THAT WERE INPUTTED TO ELECTRONIC DATABASE IN 2019-2021. / VIDNOVLENNIa, VERYFIKATsIIa TA ANALIZ REZUL'TATIV LVL/VYMIRIuVAN' 1986 R., ShchO VNESENI DO ELEKTRONNOÏ BAZY U 2019­2021 rr.

Objective of research is to improve the electronic database of WBC measurements dated 1986 by inputting of newinformation from paper carriers, reconstruction of information gaps, verification and analysis of new entered data,revision of internal exposure doses that are based on results of WBC measurements dated 1986. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2013-2015 during a revision of databases (DB) of WBC measurements results dated1986-2014, it was discovered a great amount of paper carriers with information about WBC measurements, includ-ing the ones dated 1986, that were not inputted to the electronic DB. The paper carriers were systematized andordered by the following indicators: place of residence of a person and place of WBC measurement, institution andoperator that made the measurement, measurement device and date of measurement. For a comfortable inputtingof the information to the electronic DB, it was additionally created a form which exists as an option in existing program complex Silbody (Version 19.0.9). In the revised DB of WBC measurements dated 1986 internal exposure dosesfrom radio-cesium of Chornobyl origin were computed based on an ecological and dosimetric model for radio-cesiummigration in environment and a model for radio-cesium metabolism in human body. In the work, mathematical andstatistical methods of research were used. RESULTS: In 2019-2021 additionally 35,319 notes were inputted to the electronic DB of WBC measurement dated1986, and as a result its volume increased in 2.2 times. Mostly those are data on results concerning residents of Kyiv,Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Cherkasy, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Rivne Oblasts. It was established the information onmeasurement devices and respectively on the minimal detected activity (MDA) for 27,119 notes (76.7 % of all newentered). Information is reconstructed about the body mass of all persons under investigation. Evaluation is madefor values of intake of incorporated radionuclides 137Cs and 134Cs for all new entered to DB. Quality of reconstructedinformation was analyzed. To group 1, «qualitative¼, it was classified 18,598 notes (53 % of all new entered), measurements in 1986 (including new entered). Dose not exceeding 1 mSv was obtained by 80 % of adults (older than20), as well as 73 % of persons younger than 20. CONCLUSION: To DB of WBC measurements, it was additionally inputted 35,319 notes on results of measurementsdated 1986. New entered information is verified and distributed by the quality groups. Individual exposure dosesevaluated based on those data can be used for further scientific research.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN CHILDREN - RESIDENTS OF RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES IN THE LATE PERIOD AFTER THE ChNPP ACCIDENT. / OTsINKA IaKISNYKh ZMIN V ELEMENTAKh PERYFERYChNOÏ KROVI U DITEI ­ MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII U VIDDALENYI PERIOD PISLIa AVARIÏ NA ChAES.

OBJECTIVE: to establish the relationship between quantitative and qualitative parameters of peripheral blood cells(lymphocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, platelets) depending on the type of somatic diseases andannual internal radiation doses from 137Cs in children - residents of radiologically contaminated territories in thelate period after the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 175 children included in the study comprising residents of radiologically con-taminated territories (n = 79) aged from 4 to 18 years. Annual internal radiation doses in children from 137Cs rangedfrom 0.004 to 0.067 mSv. Certain blood parameters were assessed in a comparative mode in children having got theradiation doses up to 0.01 mSv and higher. The comparison group (n = 96) included children living in settlementsnot attributed to the radiologically contaminated ones. Incidence and type of somatic diseases and its impact onquantitative and qualitative changes in blood parameters (i.e. lymphocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte, monocyte, andplatelet count) were studied. The cell size, state of nucleus, membranes and cytoplasm, signs of proliferative anddegenerative processes were taken into account. RESULTS: Incidence and type of somatic diseases in children did not depend on the annual internal radiation dose.Number of cases of monocytosis was significantly higher among the children exposed to ionizing radiation than inthe comparison group (16.6 % vs. 7.3 %). There were, however, no correlation between these changes and radiationdoses. Number of activated blood monocytes with cytoplasmic basophilia and residues of nucleoli in nuclei washigher in individuals with internal radiation doses > 0.01 mSv. A direct correlation between the qualitative param-eters of monocytes and internal radiation doses was established (rs = 0.60; р < 0.001), as well as a direct correlationof different strength between qualitative parameters of blood cells, indicating their unidirectional pattern depend-ing on the somatic morbid conditions. Regardless of annual internal radiation dose, there was an increase in thenumber of degenerative and aberrant cells vs. the comparison group (р < 0.05), which could be due to the role ofnon-radiation factors. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the assessment of quantitative and qualitative parameters of peripheral blood cells reflect-ed the state of morbid conditions in children and are of a diagnostic value. The identified dose-dependent changesin monocyte lineage of hematopoiesis may be the markers of impact of long-term radionuclide incorporation withfood in children living in environmentally unfavorable conditions after the ChNPP accident.

High filtration in interventional practices reduces patient radiation doses but not always scatter radiation doses.

OBJECTIVES: In fluoroscopy-guided interventional practices, new dose reduction systems have proved to be efficient in the reduction of patient doses. However, it is not clear whether this reduction in patient dose is proportionally transferred to operators' doses. This work investigates the secondary radiation fields produced by two kinds of interventional cardiology units from the same manufacturer with and without dose reduction systems.Methods:Data collected from a large sample of clinical procedures over a 2-year period (more than 5000 procedures and 340,000 radiation events) and the DICOM radiation dose structured reports were analysed. RESULTS: The average cumulative Hp(10) per procedure measured at the C-arm was similar for the standard and the dose reduction systems (452 vs 476 µSv respectively). The events analysis showed that the ratio Hp(10)/KAP at the C-arm was (mean ± SD) 5 ± 2, 10 ± 4, 14 ± 4 and 14 ± 6 µSv·Gy-1·cm-2 for the beams with no added filtration, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.9 mm Cu respectively and suggested that the main cause for the increment of the ratio Hp(10)/KAP vs the "standard system" is the use of higher beam filtration in the "dose reduction" system. CONCLUSION: Dose reduction systems are beneficial to reduce KAP in patients and their use should be encouraged, but they may not be equally effective to reduce occupational doses. Interventionalists should not overlook their own personal protection when using new technologies with dose reduction systems. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Dose reduction technology in interventional systems may increase scatter dose for operators. Personal protection should not be overlooked with dose reduction systems.

Tritium Air Concentration Calculation Using Passive Monitors.

Passive tritium air monitoring was conducted at Sandia National Laboratories' Z-Machine located in New Mexico. When conducting low-level measurements, indication of the measurement's uncertainty and of the detection limit of the counting technique are important to understand. Therefore, a calculational methodology is presented to enable the determination of the airborne tritium concentration by analysis of the minimum detectible activities for the Passive Tritium Monitoring System and the laboratory counting system used. General discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of the Passive Tritium Monitoring System are provided.

Study on a Continuous Measurement Method for Unattached Radon Progeny.

A method that does not require changing wire screens is proposed to achieve continuous measurement of unattached radon progeny. This method uses cumulative activity functions to deduct the influence of previous measurements from the current measurements on the sampling wire screen. The continuous measurement method was compared with a single measurement method, including relative deviations, uncertainties, and fluctuation range, which indicated the effectiveness of the cumulative activity functions applied to the continuous measurement method. The establishment of a continuous measurement method based on alpha spectroscopy provides technical support for the monitoring device.

A comprehensive probabilistic approach for integrating and separating natural variability and parametric uncertainty in the prediction of distribution coefficient of radionuclides in rivers.

A geochemical speciation model was developed to predict Distribution coefficients (Kds) of radionuclides (RNs) in rivers. The model takes into account complexation of RNs with inorganic ligands, sorption of RNs with hydrous ferric oxides, complexation of RNs with dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) and sorption and/or co-precipitation of RNs to carbonates. A sorption model of Cs onto clay was also integrated. The tool is also designed to conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis follows a stepwise structured approach, starting from computationally 'inexpensive' Morris method to most costly variance-based EFAST method. A nested Monte Carlo approach was also implemented to separate natural variability and lack of knowledge in global uncertainty assessment. As case studies, Kd distributions were estimated for Co, Mn, Ag and Cs in seven French rivers. Uncertainty analysis allowed to quantify Kd ranges that can be expected when considering all the sensitive parameters together.

What is the point of innovation in patient dose monitoring?

The Medical Futurist says that radiology is one of the fastest growing and developing areas of medicine, and therefore this might be the speciality in which we can expect to see the largest steps in development. So why do they think that, and does it apply to dose monitoring? The move from retrospective dose evaluation to a proactive dose management approach represents a serious area of research. Indeed, artificial intelligence and machine learning are consistently being integrated into best-in-class dose management software solutions. The development of clinical analytics and dashboards are already supporting operators in their decision-making, and these optimisations - if taken beyond a single machine, a single department, or a single health network - have the potential to drive real and lasting change. The question is for whom exactly are these innovations being developed? How can the patient know that their scan has been performed to the absolute best that the technology can deliver? Do they know or even care how much their lifetime risk for developing cancer has changed post examination? Do they want a personalised size-specific dose estimate or perhaps an individual organ dose assessment to share on Instagram? Let's get real about the clinical utility and regulatory application of dose monitoring, and shine a light on the shared responsibility in applying the technology and the associated innovations.

Protection of the environment.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) system to protect the living components of the environment is designed to provide a broad and practical framework across different exposure situations. The framework recognises the need to be able to demonstrate an adequate level of protection in relation to planned exposure situations, whilst also providing an ability to manage existing and emergency situations in an appropriate way. In all three exposure situations, the release of radionuclides into the natural environment leads to exposures of non-human biota (wildlife), as well as having the potential for exposures of the public. How the key principles of the ICRP system of radiological protection apply in each of these exposure situations will be discussed. Using examples, we will demonstrate how the overall approach provides a mechanism for industry to assess and demonstrate compliance with the environmental protection objectives of relevant (national) legislation, and to meet stakeholder expectations that radiological protection of the environment is taken into consideration in accordance with international best practice. However, several challenges remain, and these will be discussed in the context of the need for additional guidance on the protection of the environment.

Usefulness of the whole-body counter for infants and small children (BABYSCAN) as a risk communication tool after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant incident.

Responding to the radiation-related concerns of parents/guardians with infants/small children is an important public health issue for regional recovery after radioactive contamination. This study summarizes the results of a systematic internal contamination screening of infants/small children, aged 0-6 years, using BABYSCAN and individual counselling sessions with physicians about radiation concerns from 2014 to 2018 in Minamisoma City. Of 3,114 participants, no one was found to have internal contamination with radioactive caesium with a detection limit of 50 Bq/body. The questionnaire survey showed a decreasing trend of concerns about food contamination and playing outside as possible causes of internal contamination over time. Because people's concerns were diverse in counselling sessions, individual responses are required. This study showed that examinations using BABYSCAN provide an opportunity for direct dialogue between the parents/guardians of infants/small children and experts. This can be considered a model case for risk communication conducted by the local government after a radioactive contamination incident.

Registry of Buildings With Transformer Stations as a Basis for Epidemiological Studies on Health Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields.

Buildings with indoor transformer stations may serve as a basis for improved epidemiological studies on the health effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs). Previous studies have shown that ELF MF exposure can be adequately assessed based on the fact that MF levels are high in apartments directly above transformers. In this paper, we describe the creation of a registry of Finnish residential buildings with built-in transformer stations and discuss its usability in epidemiological studies. Information obtained from electric utilities and building blueprints were used to identify 677 buildings in which an apartment was located above or adjacent to a transformer station. All apartments in these buildings were classified into exposure categories based on their location in relation to the transformer. Residential histories of these buildings were obtained from the Population Register Centre. Out of the 287,668 individuals who have resided in the buildings, 9,126 of them have resided in an apartment located directly above a transformer station. All information was collected without contacting residents, thus avoiding selection bias. The registry can be linked with data from high-quality nationwide registries to confirm or challenge the reported associations of ELF MF exposure and diseases such as cancer, miscarriage, and Alzheimer's disease. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:34-40 © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

ANALYSIS OF POPULATION SIZE AND COMPOSITION IN AREAS WITH THE MOST INTENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION IN UKRAINE AT DIFFERENT TIMES. / ANALIZ ChYSEL'NOSTI TA STRUKTURY NASELENNIa NAY̆BIL'Sh RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORIY̆ UKRAÏNY V RIZNI ChASY.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the existing demographic problems basing on the data of All-Ukrainian Population Census for 2011 and as at 01.01.2017 related to the population size and composition in the areas most radiologically contam- inated due to Chornobyl NPP accident.Study object. Population of the most intensively contaminated areas of Ukraine (areas of radiological contamina- tion - ARC), i. e. Narodychi, Ovruch and Olevsk regions of Zhytomyr oblast, Ivankiv and Poliske regions of Kyiv oblast, Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivne oblast, Kozelets and Ripky regions of Chernihiv oblast. Entire population of Ukraine was the control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The State statistical services of Ukraine and their regional offices related to the distribu- tion of permanent population by gender and age as at 01.01.2017, as well as data of All-Ukrainian Population Census for 2011, were the information base of the study. Demographic, mathematical and statistical, graphical and techno- logical software methods and tools were applied. RESULTS: There are significant differences in size and composition of the population of the ARC of Ukraine. Gender and age structure of the population living in the ARC, similar to that living in Ukraine in general, changes over time. The whole shape of demographic pyramid of Ukraine indicates that the share of over-60 age group in the popula- tion increased in 2017, whereas the population of the same age living in the ARC is rapidly disappearing. Also there is a significant regional variation of ageing levels of the population living in the radiologically contaminated areas. CONCLUSION: The analysis of pyramid slopes indicates that both in 2001 and in 2017 the most rapid change of pop- ulation size occurred in Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivne oblast.

CR10-A PUBLIC DATABASE OF COSMIC RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AT AVIATION ALTITUDES OF ABOUT 10 KM.

Long-term measurements using silicon radiation spectrometer Liulin on board commercial aircraft have been performed since 2001; results were put into a new database, which covers more than 4500 flights with more than 130 000 measurements. Methodology and tools were developed to normalize the data with respect to latitude and altitude and thus enable comparison with other radiation detectors and with model calculations. This capability is demonstrated using data from the neutron monitor at Lomnický stít. Instead of providing data files for individual measurement period, two software solutions are delivered. First is a web-based user interface for visualizing and downloading arbitrary time window of interest from the database hosted at http://cr10.odz.ujf.cas.cz. The second is a set of interactive Python notebooks available at GitHub. Those implement the calibration, normalization and visualization methods-so the outputs can be tailored to user needs. The software and data are provided under GNU/CC license.

IN-SITU GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY FOR RADIOACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL USING NaI(Tl) AND LaBr3(Ce) DETECTORS.

In this study, the full energy peak count rates to radioactivity conversion factors of 3â€³Ø × 3″ NaI(Tl) and 2â€³Ø × 2″ LaBr3(Ce) detectors for radioactivity analysis in the soil were determined on site using a semi-empirical method with point-like gamma-ray sources. To validate the conversion factors derived for the detectors, in-situ gamma-ray measurements were performed in wide open fields with almost flat surface and compared with the sampling analysis for the radioactivity of U-series, Th-series, and 40K in the soil. As a result, radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 208Tl and 214Bi by in-situ and laboratory measurements agreed well with each other within 5%, and the MDAs for artificial radionuclides were estimated under the condition of fresh deposition considering a radiation emergency situation.

Trends and Distribution Analysis of Occupational Exposure From Medical Practices in China (2010-2016).

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation from medical practices in China has been collected for a 7 y period between 2010 and 2016 from roughly 220 individual monitoring service providers through the Chinese Registry of Radiation Workers. Statistical dose distributions and characteristic tendencies are presented based on the evaluation in terms of six occupational categories. A reduction can be seen in average annual effective dose for interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy, dental radiology, and others by 52%, 47%, 46%, 34%, 69%, and 31%, respectively, for the 7 y period. More than 94.5% of radiation workers received annual doses less than the public dose limit (1 mSv) in 2016. Workers engaged in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology activities were found to receive relatively more dose than the other fields of practice. Diagnostic radiology makes the dominant contribution of 68% to the collective effective dose of 73,641.3 person mSv received by 211,613 radiation workers in medical practices in 2016. The observation of workers in medical practices receiving well below the recommended occupational dose limit (20 mSv) could be a result of an improvement in radiation protection practices in the medical field in China. However, it is still necessary to control and manage the workplace and radiation workers to avoid unnecessary exposures, in particular for the workers engaged in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology activities.

The Level of Compliance With the Use of Personal Radiation Monitoring Devices by Qualified Radiographers at Provincial Hospitals in the Tshwane District Area.

When researchers accompanied radiography students during their work integrated learning, it was observed that there is non-compliance with regards the use of personal radiation monitoring devices by radiographers in the Radiology Departments at Provincial hospitals in the Tshwane district area. The aim of this research study was to identify the level of compliance with the use of radiation monitoring devices by radiographers. A quantitative descriptive study method was used, and the data collection tool was questionnaires that were hand delivered to all settings. The sample size of radiographers was 96, and consent was received from 61 participants. The data was collated in a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet, and the variables were statistically analyzed for frequencies and percentages. The Fisher's exact test was used for association to answer the level of compliance and management of the radiation monitoring device. Results showed compliance of radiographers in the wearing of radiation monitoring devices but inconsistency as to where the radiation monitoring device should be worn. A lack of awareness about policies from the Radiation Board was also noted.

Statistical relationship between activity concentrations of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs and geological formations in surface soil of Jordan.

An extensive study was conducted to determine the activity concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in soil samples of each governate of Jordan. A total of 370 samples have been measured using a high-purity germanium detector. The activity concentration for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs has mean values of 42 ± 3, 23 ± 3, 309 ± 21, and 3.7 ± 0.9 Bq kg-1, respectively. The highest mean activity concentration for 226Ra was found to be 138 ± 4 Bq kg-1 in the Alkarak governate. In the Ajloun and Jarash governates, the highest mean activity concentration was 35 ± 3 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, and 14.2 ± 1.9 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs, respectively. Geological influence on the activity concentrations was investigated using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples. The ANOVA results indicate that there are strong significant differences between the activity concentrations of 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs based on geological formations the radionuclides occur. The main contribution to gamma dose rate was due to 226Ra activity concentration. Radium equivalent and external hazard index are associated with a mean value of 98 Bq kg-1, and 0.266, respectively.

Indoor radon in Spanish workplaces. A pilot study before the introduction of the European Directive 2013/59/Euratom.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether there is a possible problem regarding indoor radon concentration surpassing the new European Directive 2013/59/Euratom threshold in Spanish workplaces. We also aim to find out whether radon concentration might be associated with certain characteristics of workplaces. METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study to measure indoor radon concentrations in Spanish workplaces including five different sectors (education, public administration, the health sector, the tourist sector and the private sector). To be measured, the workplace should be occupied permanently by at least one worker. Alpha-track type radon detectors were placed for at least three months and read at the Galician Radon Laboratory at the University of Santiago de Compostela. A descriptive analysis was performed on radon distribution by sector, building characteristics and number of workers affected. RESULTS: We faced enormous difficulties in finding volunteers for this study. Galicia and Madrid had the highest number of measurements. Of a total of 248 measurements, 27% had concentrations above 300 Bq/m3. Median radon concentration was 251 Bq/m3 in Galicia, followed by Madrid, with 61.5 Bq/m3. Forty-six percent of the workplaces measured in Galicia had radon concentrations higher than 300 Bq/m3 followed by 10.6% in Madrid. Nineteen percent of all workers were exposed to more than 300 Bq/m3 and 6.3% were exposed to radon concentrations higher than 500 Bq/m3. CONCLUSION: Indoor radon exposure might be a relevant problem in Spanish workplaces and the number of affected workers could be high. The prevalence of workers exposed to high radon concentrations probably depends on the geographical area.

Evaluation of Uncertainties in lung measurements of actinides due to counting statistics.

Counting statistics is an important parameter that can introduce uncertainties in the lung activity measurements of actinides in radiation workers. Evaluation of uncertainties due to counting statistics is practically difficult as it requires monitoring various radiation workers having different levels of lung actinide content, multiple times, each for 50 min of monitoring period. However, different activities in lungs can be simulated by combining uncontaminated male data with LLNL phantom data acquired with 241Am and natural uranium lung sets at various short periods. Therefore, multiple measurements were carried out on realistic thorax LLNL phantom with 241Am and natural uranium lung sets for 15-600 s. The mean counts with the phantom at various time intervals, corresponds to different actinide activities in lungs, assuming they are obtained for 50 min of monitoring interval. Using propagation of error, standard deviations were evaluated for combined phantom and uncontaminated adult male data. The combined standard deviations and mean phantom counts are used to evaluate scattering factors (SFs) for uncertainties due to counting statistics for Phoswich and HPGe array detectors. The SFs due to counting statistics are found to be the function of lung activities of radionuclides as well as energies and yields of the photons emitted by radionuclides. SFs are found to increase with decrease in lung activity. For similar yields photons, SFs are found to be lower for higher energy photons compared to lower energy photons. For photons of similar energies, the SFs are lower when yield is higher compared to lower yield photons.

RESULTS OF WBC MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE AT RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE IN 1986-2014 (REVISION AND ANALYSIS). / REZUL'TATY LVL6VYMIRIuVAN', PROVEDENYKh NA RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORIIaKh UKRAÏNY U 1986-2014 rr. (REVIZIIa TA ANALIZ).

OBJECTIVE: revision, analysis, and significant improvement of quality of the database of WBC measurements made in1986-2014 at radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine by the use of renewal of informational gaps andimprovement of the model for assessment of internal exposure doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inthe periodfrom 1986 to 2014 experts of the Whole Body Counters Laboratory of NRCRMaccumulated about 1.5 million results of WBC measurementsof radio-cesium incorporated in the body of personsresiding at the territories which are radioactively contaminated due to Chornobyl accident. Most of measurements(~64 %) were made during the first 15 years after the accident. The most of measurements were made in Kyiv (~23 %),Zhytomyr (~36 %), Rivne (~20 %) and Chernihiv (~5 %) Oblasts. Works on revision of database of WBC measurementsincluded: transformation of data saved in paper format into electronic form, checking for correctness and correspon-dence of information, renewal of lacking information at the fields of database, improvement of the model for eval-uation of internal exposure doses by the data of WBC measurements. In the model for evaluation of revised doses,it is assumed uniform content of radio-cesium during a year. Reference values are used of metabolism parametersand anthropometric human parameters recommended in publications of ICRP. RESULTS: Revised doses have been reconstructed for 1,386,585 records of data base of WBC measurements that fitspecially elaborated criterions for estimation of quality of results. Among them 604,215 records are WBC measure-ments of children and adolescents younger than 18, and 782,370 records correspond to adult inhabitants of Ukraine,most of which reside in Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne and Chenihiv Oblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results serve as a ground for further works on improvement of models for evaluation of pass-port doses and individualized exposure doses of subjects registered in Ukrainian State Register - of persons thataffected due to Chornobyl accident. Evaluated doses can be used for epidemiological, clinical and other research.